WorldWide Drilling Resource

Nitrate Coated Premium Liners 5x6, 5x8, & 5x10 Gardner Denver 5-1/2x8 & 5-1/2x10 Gardner Denver 7-1/2x8 & 7-1/2x10 Gardner Denver New Pumps In Stock Gardner Denver 4x5 TEE Triplex. Gardner Denver 5-1/2x5 TEE Triplex Gardner Denver 4x5 or 4-1/2x5 Duplex Gardner Denver 5x6 Duplex Gardner Denver 5x6 Air Drive Duplex Gardner Denver 5x8 Duplex Gardner Denver 5-1/2x8 Duplex Gardner Denver 7-1/2x8 Duplex Gardner Denver 7-1/2x10 Duplex Gardner Denver 5-1/2x5 THE Triplex Gardner Denver 5x8 PAH Triplex Call for Prices. We Have a Variety of Brands of Mud Pump Parts and Power Units in Stock. Special or Obsolete Parts Made to Order . Cash for Surplus Mud Pumps . Rebuilt Mud Pumps 4-1/2x6 Gaso Duplex 4-1/2x6 Oilwell Duplex Gardner Denver 4-1/2x8 PA-8 Triplex Gardner Denver 5x6 Duplex Gardner Denver 5x10 Duplex Gaso 5x10 Duplex OVER 300 PUMPS IN STOCK Armstrong Machine Co. Inc. Pocahontas, IA 50574 USA 712-335-4131 ~ 24 Hours 7 Days a Week • Fax: 712-335-4565 800-831-4527 USA & Canada (8AM to 4PM Monday-Friday) armstrongmachine.com amci@armstrongmachine.com Hydraulic Grout Pumps 5”, 6”, & 7-1/2” Rods Heat-Treated & Chromed 5x6, 5x8, & 5-1/2x8 Gardner Denver 5x10 & 5-1/2x10 Gardner Denver 7-1/2x8 & 7-1/2x10 Gardner Denver Environmental Monitoring by Thomas Kwader, Ph.D., P.G. Tracing Groundwater Flows Using Dyes Have you ever wondered how groundwater is traced underground using dyes? Basically, a dye is added to the groundwater and “detectors” (absorption materials) are placed downgradient to “collect” the dye as it passes by the absorbing material. The key is, the absorbent is placed downstream of where dye is released, and it is monitored or checked frequently (daily or more often) to determine when the dye reaches the detector. There must be a large enough quantity of dye used to minimize dilution effects along the groundwater flow path, or the detector may not accumulate enough dye to be measurable. Groundwater generally migrates through two types of flow regimes underground: granular (silts, sands, gravels, etc.) or fractured materials (shales, slates, limestones, dolomites, etc.). Dyes tend to work better in fractured materials rather than granular materials. Imagine spilling a dye into a tilted sandbox. The dye will flow downhill and generally spread out laterally as it moves downhill. Flow in fractured media generally flows in channels connecting to larger, more permeable channels in a dendritic or “treelike” pattern where the flow is from the “leaves” to the branches, then on to the tree trunk. This is where the dye tends to “stay together” and generally speeds up as the dye moves downgradient. In September 2017, a trace study was conducted where dye was placed in a sinkhole draining water from the bottom of Lake Jackson in Northwest Florida. Dye detectors were placed in various springs downgra- dient near the Gulf of Mexico. The dye was detected about 30 miles away, 35 days later, in Wakulla Springs - confirming connection of the lake to the spring. Tom Tom Kwader may be contacted via e-mail to michele@worldwidedrillingresource.com Aerial photo of Wakulla Springs courtesy of Wakulla Springs Alliance. 45 WorldWide Drilling Resource ® JUNE 2018