WorldWide Drilling Resource

Ice Cream, Paint, Air, and Crude Oil Adapted from Information by the BP Institute What do ice cream, paint, air, and crude oil have in com- mon? Each share a common science behind their fluid dynamics. Multiphase flow and surface chemistry are valu- able experimental sciences helping to unlock some of the mysteries of fluid dynamics. Multiphase flow is the simultane- ous flow of materials in different states, or in the same state, but with different chemical properties. Examples in nature range from rain, snow, and fog, to avalanches, mudslides, and sediment transport. In the gas and oil industry, multi- phase flow can describe the simultaneous flow of oil, water, and gas. The BP Institute (BPI) for Multiphase Flow helps solve challenging problems through a combination of basic science, a lot of math, and long-term relationships. The common char- acteristics of different fluids and their behavior means the value of this science is broad, and findings can have a huge impact in several areas. Research at BPI is crucial to the development and deployment of enhanced oil recovery techniques. Lab work focused on the relationship between oil and water of varying salinity was vital to BP’s decision to invest in LoSal ® technol- ogy. This technique pumps low-salinity water into hydrocar- bon reservoi rs to help release more oil from the rocks. They researched how the physics of heat transfer and natural ventilation helps architects and designers make buildings more energy efficient and environ- mentally friendly. Through studying the way incoming fresh air mixes with air already in a chamber, the scientists’ work contributed to the design of low-energy heating systems for large buildings. BPI conducted research into the fluid mechanics of films, such as those which form on the surface of paint as it dries. Experiments performed at the insti- tute have significantly enhanced understanding of particle behavior in paint and the pattern of the cracking which occurs when it dries. Not only has this knowledge contributed to the work of art restoration, it also helps the manufacturing industry meet stringent health, safety, and environmental regulations. Despite the unl ikely connection, research into ice cream has relevance to oil production. BPI completed research to better understand the formation and growth of ice crystals, which are very useful for making the perfect frozen desser t wi thout a grainy feel . The research aids oil production by helping to increase knowledge of hydrates, which are ice-l ike crystals, including trapped gas, such as methane or carbon dioxide within the crystal structure. If hydrates form in a pipeline, the pipe may become blocked and prevent flow. Next time you encounter a tub of ice cream, can of paint, the comfort of air conditioning, or crude oil out in the field, consider the shared science behind them. A BPI experiment showing exchanged flow from a submerged pipe. G&O 27 WorldWide Drilling Resource ® MAY 2018