WorldWide Drilling Resource

54 AUGUST 2013 WorldWide Drilling Resource ® Focus on Global Mining “A Bang for the Buck: Innovation as a key to the future of mining” is the theme for the 4 th Annual Global Mining Technology Forum being held at the EXPOCENTRE in Johannesburg, South Africa, September 18-19. Mining companies are focusing on the right technology to mechanize processes and balance it with labor. This increases efficiency and boosts mine safety because it takes workers away from dangerous areas. During the event, over 40 industry experts will provide insight into state-of- the-art technologiesandgobeyondautoma- tion, to optimizing business processes. Don’t miss your chance to learn how technology can revolutionize your mining operation and maximize profits. For more information, visit: www.fleminggulf.com/4gmtf Frequently-Used Geological Terms Part 22 Glossary adapted from the Dictionary of Geological Terms F - Continued Fool's Gold - Term describing pyrites that resemble gold in color. Footwall - Group of rocks beneath a fault, orebody, or mine. Forensic Geology - Applying earth sci- ence to the law. Formation Water - The natural presence of water in formations as opposed to the introduction of fluids to a formation in pro- cesses such as drilling. Fossil - Any remains or imprints of plant or animal preserved in the earth's crust. Fossil Fuel - General term for a hydro- carbon used for fuel, mainly coal, petro- leum, and gas. Fracture - Referencing to the way a mineral breaks or the joint, fault, or other break in a rock. Frasch Process - Process used to mine native sulfur, where superheated water is forced into deposits, melting the sulfur so it can be pumped to the surface. Freestone - Water containing little or no dissolved materials. Free Water - Water in soil or rock that can move freely. Also, water that can be re- moved from another substance. Fresh Water - Water containing less than .2% of dissolved salts. Fumarole - A hole or vent from which volcanic fumes are released. Fusion - The process of turning a solid into a liquid by using heat. G Gabbro -Agroup of dark-colored intrusive igneous rocks composed of labradorite or bytownite and augite, either with or without olivine and orthopyroxene. It grades into monzonite with increasing alkali-feldspar content. Galena - Adark gray metallic mineral with perfect cubic cleavage which is soft and very heavy. It is the main ore of lead. Gamma - In a biaxial crystal, the largest index of refraction; also the angle between the a and b crystallographic axes. Garnierite - Poorly defined hydrous magnesium-nickel silicates. It is an ore of nickel. Gas Cap - Free gas occurring above oil in a reservoir and present whenever more gas is available than what will dissolve in the associated oil under existing pres- sure and temperature. Gas Coal - Bituminous coal suitable for the manufacture of flammable gas be- cause it contains 33-38% volatile matter. Gas-cut Mud - Drilling mud returned from the bottom of a drill hole characterized by a fluffy texture, gas bubbles, and reduced density due to the retention of natural gas rising from the strata traversed by the drill. More definitions next month! Galena samples courtesy of the Doe Run Company in Viburnum, Missouri. WWDR photo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